INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE Peace Palace, Carnegieplein 2, 2517 KJ The Hague, NetherlandsTel.: +31 (0)70 302 2323 Fax: +31 (0)70 364 9928 No. 2025/3623 July 2025 The Court gives its Advisory Opinion and responds to the questionsposed by the General…
Jane M. Zhu, M.D., M.P.P., M.S.H.P., Hayden Rooke-Ley, J.D., and Erin Fuse Brown, J.D., M.P.H. In the late 1800s, corporations began hiring U.S. physicians and profiting directly from their services without being bound by professional ethics considerations. Concerned about this…
Albert I. Ko, M.D., Salim S. Abdool Karim, M.B., Ch.B., Ph.D., Carlos Morel, M.D., Ph.D., Soumya Swaminathan, M.B., B.S., M.D., Peter Daszak, Ph.D., and Gerald T. Keusch, M.D. The U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), responding to audits conducted by…
Richard M. Mizelle, Jr., Ph.D. More than 2 million people in the United States live without indoor plumbing or usable drinking water. Although having to worry about the origin, purity, and safety of water is often considered a premodern problem…
Rupa Sheth Valdez, Ph.D., and Bonnielin K. Swenor, Ph.D., M.P.H. A recent report from a working group of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Advisory Committee on Diversity (which one of us, B.K.S., co-chaired) highlights the need for more research…
Sahil Sandhu, M.Sc., Michael Liu, M.Phil., and Rishi K. Wadhera, M.D., M.P.P. The U.S. health care system ranks last on measures of equity among similar high-income countries.1 Although policymakers and payers have increasingly looked to hospitals to help reduce inequities, there’s…
Kevin P. Josey, Ph.D., Scott W. Delaney, Sc.D., J.D., Xiao Wu, Ph.D., Rachel C. Nethery, Ph.D., Priyanka DeSouza, Ph.D., Danielle Braun, Ph.D., and Francesca Dominici, Ph.D. Abstract BACKGROUND Black Americans are exposed to higher annual levels of air pollution containing…
Rachel Morello-Frosch, Ph.D., M.P.H., and Osagie K. Obasogie, Ph.D., J.D. Driven primarily by fossil-fuel use and associated carbon emissions, climate change poses an existential threat to planetary life by transforming physical and social environments through rising sea levels, drought, heat…
Marcella Alsan, M.D., Ph.D., M.P.H., Crystal S. Yang, J.D., Ph.D., James R. Jolin, Lucy Tu, and Josiah D. Rich, M.D., M.P.H. The U.S. Constitution does not guarantee a right to health care. Yet since 1976, the Supreme Court has held…
David A. Ansell, M.D., M.P.H., Kaitlyn Fruin, M.D., Redia Holman, Ayesha Jaco, M.A.M., Bich Ha Pham, J.D., and David Zuckerman, M.P.P. In 2016, Rush University System for Health, an academic health system in Chicago, adopted an anchor strategy to tackle…
